Shortly after the British and
American governments affirmed Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott's proposal to jointly
occupy San Juan Island, the Royal Navy started looking for a home for its
British Royal Marine Light Infantry contingent.
English Camp and American Camp are
part of:
San Juan Historical Parks, Click here for General Info!
Capt. James Prevost, commander of the H.M.S. Satellite, selected the site on
Garrison Bay -- 1 5 miles northwest of American Camp -- from among seven
finalists. He'd remembered the site from explorations two years earlier as a
part of the water boundary commission survey of the island. At that time, one of
his officers, Lt. Richard Mayne, had commented on seeing abandoned Indian plank
houses nestled among a vast shell midden.
Prevost described the ground as "well-sheltered, has a good supply of
water and grass, and is capable of affording maneuvering ground for any number
of men that are likely to be required in that locality..." He added that a
trail, 11 miles long, led from this area to the Hudson's Bay farm at Bellevue.
The marines landed on March 21, 1860. They brought along the necessary
materials to erect the first building, a commissary about 40 by 20 feet (which
still stands). The camp commander, Capt. George Bazalgette, RM, then placed a
requisition for "84 tin pannikins, 36 tin plates, 3 "dishes," 10
camp kettles, 18 lanterns, 1 measures set, and a small quantity of
stationery."
The command consisted of two subalterns (junior officers), an assistant
surgeon and 83 noncommissioned officers and men. After clearing the shore of its
thick growth of trees, they erected the commissary and planted a small garden
where the formal garden lies today.
Barracks, cooking houses and other vital structures quickly followed,
especially after Rear Adm. R. Lambert Baynes visited in June and pronounced the
need for extra pay for the men to prepare the camp for winter. By 1866 the camp
was at its peak for the enlisted men. One visitor commented: "We may remark
here that the cleanliness and good order observable throughout the entire camp
were the subject of general observation."
With the arrival of a new commander, Capt. William Delacombe, in 1867,
the camp received a major facelift. New officers' quarters were built to house
the captain and his family as well as the camp's second in command. Delacombe
also directed that a formal garden be constructed at the base of the hill
leading to the officers' quarters.
The marines departed in November 1872, following the final boundary decision
of Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany. They left behind a facility so solidly built
that the Crook family (who purchased the site from the U.S. government) occupied
several of the structures for more than 30 years.
Unlike American Camp where, because of the American Civil War, the garrison
turned over many times, English Camp was manned by much the same troops over its
12-year span. Suicides, drownings and an accidental gunshot wound (to a brother
of one of the marines) claimed seven lives over that time. Only two command
served from quarters atop the hill overlooking the formal garden, the first
being Capt. George Bazalgette. The camp was always noted or its pristine beauty
from the bay.
English Camp and American Camp are
part of:
San Juan Historical Parks, Click here for General Info! |